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Applied AI Engineer & Researcher Islamabad, PK

Inayat Arshad

I work across low-resource NLP, reinforcement learning, generative AI and multi-agent systems: LLM fine-tuning, retrieval-augmented pipelines and deep models you can actually interrogate.

Portrait of Inayat Arshad
01 · Publications

Publications and On-Going Research

Explainable reinforcement learning for autonomous systems, plus NLP for Urdu, a language with almost no span-level annotated resources until this work.

01
IEEE Published

TRUST-X: Real-Time Explainable Decision-Making for RL-Based UAV Control

An XAI framework pairing surrogate decision trees with SHAP-lite attribution and a Bayesian trust feedback loop, making deep-RL UAV control legible to a human operator while it flies.

91% surrogate fidelity 94% mission success vs 79% TD3 12 ms explanation latency
02
Language Resources & Evaluation Under review

MUTEX: Multilingual Transformers and CRF for Urdu Toxic Span Detection

An XLM-RoBERTa and CRF sequence labeller trained on URTOX, a purpose-built 14,338-sample corpus annotated to κ = 0.82, establishing the first supervised baseline for span-level Urdu toxicity.

60.0 token-level F1 mBERT 59.2 F1 BiLSTM-CRF 56 F1 κ = 0.82
03
Computer Speech & Language Under review

Advancing Urdu Toxicity Detection: Span Models and a Multimodal Audio Extension

Raises token-level F1 from 60.0 to 67.0 through training-procedure refinements alone, with no architecture change. MUTEX-M then fuses MMS-300M speech representations with XLM-RoBERTa text encoders, holding up on accent-stratified real Urdu speech where every unimodal baseline degrades.

67.0 F1, up from 60.0 83.2% F1 synthetic 77.1% F1 real accents Text and audio fusion
04
ICAAD 2026, Konya Accepted

LinguaParity: Do Multilingual LLMs Provide Equal Access to Information Across Languages?

Asks whether a multilingual model surfaces the same information regardless of the language it is asked in, or whether access quietly narrows as a language gets lower-resource. Treats the gap as a question of language equity rather than a single benchmark score.

Multilingual LLMs Language equity Low-resource access
02 · Background

Education

Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences (PIEAS)

Sep 2022 - Jul 2026

B.S. in Computer and Information Sciences · Islamabad, Pakistan

CGPA 3.72 / 4.00 · 92.5% · Top 2%
Relevant coursework
Fundamentals of Machine Learning Applied ML for Bioinformatics Signal & Image Processing Information Storage & Retrieval Parallel & Distributed Processing Probability & Statistics Linear Algebra Numerical Methods Differential Equations

Punjab Group of Colleges F-8/2

Sep 2020 - Jul 2022

Intermediate in Computer Science · Islamabad, Pakistan

1040 / 1100 · 94.5% · 7th nationwide

Siddeeq Public School

Mar 2018 - Mar 2020

Matriculation (Science) · Islamabad, Pakistan

1073 / 1100 · 97.5%

KAUST Workshop on Distributed Training in the Era of Large Models

Invited to Saudi Arabia (November 2025) among a select group of international students and researchers recognised for outstanding potential in AI and Machine Learning.

12th nationwide, PIEAS entrance examination

Ranked 12th across all departments in the undergraduate entrance examination.

7th rank nationwide, BISE Rawalpindi

Awarded “Outstanding Performance” by ICAP Pakistan and a Merit Scholarship for top-tier national board results.

National talent recognition

Invited to the Prime Minister's House on “Youm-e-Taleem-o-Taraqi” in recognition of academic excellence.

URTOX, open dataset

14,338 annotated samples for Urdu toxic span detection, released publicly alongside the MUTEX model. View dataset ↗

03 · Experience

Industry & Academic Experience

Applied AI Engineer

May 2026 - Present
Tech GIS · Islamabad, PK
  • Developing VYBERO, a conversational AI voice agent for enterprise clients; built real-time ASR, intent classification and entity extraction pipelines, integrating them with FastAPI backend services and a Next.js frontend for live voice interaction.
  • Engineered end-to-end full-stack architectures, connecting PostgreSQL and vector databases, REST/WebSocket APIs, and interactive UI dashboards with human-in-the-loop review controls to ensure data reliability.

Teaching Assistant, Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

Dec 2025 - May 2026
PIEAS University, CMS Lab · Supervisor: Dr. Asifullah Khan · Islamabad, PK
  • Ran lab sessions, graded assignments and guided undergraduates through hands-on Python implementations of search algorithms, classical machine learning models and introductory NLP pipelines (tokenisation, sequence modelling and text classification).

AI/ML Researcher

Sep 2025 - Present
PIEAS University · Supervisors: Dr. Ijaz Hussain, Dr. Asifullah Khan · Islamabad, PK
  • Research NLP techniques for low-resource languages across semantic retrieval, RAG systems, LLM fine-tuning and Explainable AI. Lead author on work under review at Language Resources and Evaluation (Springer) and Computer Speech & Language (Elsevier).
  • Curated and annotated the 14,338-sample URTOX dataset (κ = 0.82 inter-annotator agreement) and benchmarked 5+ transformer architectures for Urdu toxic span detection.

AI Intern (MLOps)

Jun 2025 - Sep 2025
National Aerospace Science & Technology Park (NASTP) · Islamabad, PK
  • Researched FFT-based hybrid Transformer architectures for NLP summarisation in PyTorch, implementing 1D/2D Fourier blocks on TinyStoriesInstruct for a 40% computational speedup, and analysing representation dynamics via CKA and SVD for an internal paper draft.
  • Engineered LSTM and Transformer predictive maintenance models (92% anomaly detection accuracy across 3 engine parameters) and stabilised 3 production ML pipelines via automated retraining and experiment tracking.

AI Data Engineer Intern

Jun 2023 - Sep 2023
NAECO Blue GmbH · Remote
  • Built and deployed LangChain-powered forecasting pipelines across 3 data sources (weather, energy production, consumption) via automated agent workflows, cutting manual data extraction time by ~60%.
04 · Selected projects

Featured Projects

Agentic architectures, retrieval systems and interpretability interfaces. All open source.

URTOX Urdu Toxic Span Dataset, live site

MUTEX: Multimodal Urdu Toxic Span Detection

Fine-tuned XLM-RoBERTa with BIO token classification and CRF decoding, fused with MMS-300M speech representations, over the URTOX corpus of 14,338 samples annotated to κ = 0.82.

Reaches 83.2% F1 on synthetic and 77.1% F1 on accent-stratified Urdu audio, with token-level SHAP and attention heatmaps for explainability. Placed 6th at PIEAS Open Day 2026.

PythonPyTorchNLP CRFMMS-300MExplainable AI
When Fusion Breaks, live site

When Fusion Breaks: Robustness in Multimodal Emotion Recognition

Deleting audio and vision together cost nothing measurable, 96-101% of skill retained, while removing text collapsed every model to 35-40%. The multimodal gain is largely illusory.

Six fusion architectures (early, late, TFN, LMF, MulT) measured across 14 corruption operators and 32 evaluation axes on CMU-MOSEI's 22,856 utterances.

PyTorchCMU-MOSEIMultimodal Fusion Robustness
Lacuna research gap engine, live site

Lacuņa: Research Gap & Discovery Engine

A deterministic engine over 16,605 NLP papers (73 languages, 26 tasks, 1,722 venues) that scores under-researched language and task pairings out of 100, every figure traceable to the papers behind it.

Gazetteer tagging rather than model inference keeps counts reproducible. It surfaced that 48% of language-tagged papers never leave the highest-resource tier, and informed a top 25 of 250+ finish at NeuroLogic '26 Global NLP Datathon.

NLPBibliometricsLow-Resource Languages Vercel
Eternity Twin, live 3D interface

Eternity Twin: Cognitive Interface for Model Interpretability

An interactive 3D interface for inspecting an emotion classifier's internal state, making visible the gap between a model's inferred reasoning and its output behaviour, with uncertainty represented as a first-class property of every node across 28 GoEmotions categories.

Engineered the systems layer for scale and access: Web Worker force-directed graph layout, GPU-instanced whole-graph rendering in two draw calls, custom GLSL per-vertex region shading, and full keyboard and screen-reader parity in WebGL (axe-clean, WCAG AA).

Next.jsReact Three FiberGLSL TypeScriptWebGL
AEGIS agent runtime, live site

AEGIS: Agentic ISR Threat Intelligence Platform

A 7-agent defence intelligence system for UAV surveillance with telemetry classification, RAG-based doctrine retrieval and SHAP explainability, reaching 0.89 F1 threat detection at ~1.8 s latency.

Shipped as a FastAPI and Streamlit dashboard with automated SALUTE reporting over 500+ simulated ISR missions, achieving 0.84 Precision@3 retrieval and a sub-3% hallucination rate.

PythonFastAPILangGraph SHAPChromaDBStreamlit
LangGraph agent routing diagram for the multi-agent RAG pipeline

Multi-Agent RAG with Self-Correcting Pipelines

Nine specialised LangGraph agents handling query routing, retrieval and multi-step reasoning, with hybrid ChromaDB and Tavily retrieval plus self-correction loops that cut hallucinations by 40% against a baseline RAG pipeline.

LangGraphLangChainGroq TavilyChromaDB
MorphoLens, live site

MorphoLens: Morphology in Multilingual Models

Do multilingual models actually understand morphology, or do they mostly memorise word forms? An interactive research workspace built to interrogate that question across high and low-resource languages.

Runs on UniMorph data with a reproducible lemma-overlap experiment, spanning Turkish, Urdu, Evenki, Chukchi and Romanian. Every surface form traces back to its source record.

UniMorphMorphologyLow-Resource NLP Reproducible Experiments
05 · Hackathons & competitions

Hackathons & Competitions

NeuroLogic '26: Global NLP Datathon

Multilingual multi-label toxicity, mean ROC-AUC
2026 · Top 25 finalist of 250+ teams

Used the Lacuņa bibliometric framework as the reconnaissance step, identifying underexplored language and task gaps and choosing which languages to treat as transfer sources rather than train targets.

Junction 2026: European Tech Renaissance

2026

Selected for Junction 2026, the European Tech Renaissance edition of the hackathon.

National AI Hackathon '26

5-city national competition · Project: MUTEX
2026

Presented the MUTEX multimodal text and audio toxic span pipeline, demonstrating localised moderation for low-resource Urdu content.

FortyGuard Hackathon '26

Represented NAECO Blue GmbH
2026

Built LangChain agent workflows integrating weather, energy production and consumption feeds for automated energy-load forecasting.

06 · Toolkit

The stack behind it

Generative AI & LLMs

Hugging FaceLangChainLangGraph RAGLoRA Fine-TuningPrompt Engineering Multi-Agent Systems

Languages

PythonSQLC C++TypeScriptJavaScript

ML & Deep Learning

PyTorchTensorFlowKeras scikit-learnNumPyPandas

Explainable AI

SHAPLIMESurrogate Models Attention Visualisation

Databases & Vector Stores

PostgreSQLMySQLSupabaseNeonRedis FAISSChromaDB

Backend & APIs

FastAPIFlaskNode.js Express.jsREST APIsWebSockets

Frontend

Next.jsReactZustand TanStack QueryTailwind CSS

MLOps & Tooling

DockerGitWeights & Biases StreamlitPower BIGrafana
07 · Leadership & volunteering

Leadership and Community Service

Rotary community service, technical societies at PIEAS and beyond, and invited teaching on secure AI systems.

Area Fellowship Coordinator, Islamabad

Rotary Club of Islamabad · District 3272, Pakistan
2024 - 25

Coordinated fellowship and community service activity for the Islamabad area under Rotary District 3272, recognised twice by the club for service delivery and public health work.

Certificate of Appreciation · “Impact made through Service Projects to the Communities” Certificate of Appreciation · “Outstanding Programs for Polio Eradication in Pakistan”

Board Member

IEEE Computer Society, PIEAS
Sep 2023 - Sep 2025 · 2 yrs 1 mo

Served on the society board across two academic years, helping run the chapter's technical programme for computer science students.

Information Technology Manager

AWS Student Builder Group, PIEAS
Oct 2024 - Aug 2025 · 11 mos

Ran the technical and infrastructure side of the campus AWS builder community.

Module Head

Google Developer Student Club (GDSC), DTU
Oct 2023 - Oct 2024 · 1 yr 1 mo

Led the technical modules track, planning and running hands-on sessions on AI/ML, web development and cloud tooling for club members.

Cyber Security Instructor

ICT Club, MNS UET Multan
Jun 2025 - Jul 2025 · 2 mos

Invited speaker on Secure AI Systems at a bootcamp for 100+ university students, covering adversarial ML, model robustness and AI security.

Member

TEDxPIEAS
Oct 2023 - Sep 2025 · 2 yrs

Part of the organising community behind the campus TEDx programme.

Head Hosting

PIEAS Sportics Society
Aug 2023 - Sep 2024 · 1 yr 2 mos

Hosted and coordinated stage events, from live emceeing to keeping the run of show on schedule.

Member

PIEAS Sportics Society
Jan 2023 - Dec 2024 · 2 yrs

Two years with the society across its sports and social service programme.

08 · Contact

Let's build something worth explaining

Open to AI/ML engineering roles, research collaborations and anything at the intersection of agents, retrieval and interpretability.

Location
Islamabad, Pakistan
ResearchGate
Google Scholar
IEEE Xplore
Painting of Sisyphus pushing a vast golden boulder up a dark mountain slope beneath a burning gold sky.

The universe may offer no inherent meaning, but I find freedom in making my own: in choosing my work, owning my effort, and building a life that feels like mine.

I push the rock knowing it may roll back. There is still joy in the climb.

One must imagine Sisyphus happy.:) Albert Camus